DHAKA: It should have been like any other morning.
But  March 26, 1971, was the first full day of a war that would tear apart  the region then called East Pakistan. When the fighting ended nine  months later, as many as 3 million people were dead and East Pakistan –  until then an annex of Pakistan – had become the independent nation of  Bangladesh.
Bangladesh marked the 40th anniversary of the end of  its independence war this month, still struggling to close the deep  wounds that accompanied its birth and divided over how to deal with  those who allegedly aided Pakistan during the war.
The fighting  was just hours old at 7 a.m. when soldiers burst through the wooden door  of Arun Kumer Dey’s apartment on the Dhaka University campus. Dey’s  father managed the school’s cafeteria, a popular meeting place for  government opponents.
The soldiers, firing machine-guns, quickly  killed Dey’s mother, 15-year-old sister, eldest brother and the  brother’s new wife. Then they left.
Dey, then a teenager, and his injured father fell onto the corpses in grief.
But  the soldiers soon came back. “I begged for my father’s life,” Dey said.  Instead, his father was taken away and executed, the body dumped into a  shallow grave.
“It still haunts me,” said Dey, who now runs the  cafeteria. And every day since then he has wondered: “When will the  killers and their collaborators be punished?”
He may soon have an answer.
Forty  years later, the Bangladesh government has begun prosecutions tied to  its war of independence. It has created an International Crimes  Tribunal, charged seven people and said some could face the death  penalty. With independent researchers saying about 1,800 people  collaborated with the Pakistani army in committing atrocities, many more  arrests are possible.
International observers have guardedly  welcomed the trials, though some are also concerned they could become  weapons against the government’s political rivals.
Certainly the opposition sees it that way.
The  Bangladesh National Party, led by former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia,  said in a statement that the tribunal is “nothing but a servile,  rubber-stamp organisation” out to victimize the government’s political  opponents.
All those arrested so far are members of  Jamaat-e-Islami, a fierce opponent of independence in 1971 but also now a  key Zia ally. Two of those arrested were Cabinet ministers during Zia’s  2001-2006 government.
Zia is also the long-time rival of Prime  Minister Sheikh Hasina, who pushed hard for the tribunals. She is the  eldest daughter of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the hero of the 1971  independence war and Bangladesh’s first president.
Hasina’s  government insists the trials will be fair, though guilty verdicts are  widely expected for all those arrested so far. The seven face charges  ranging from crimes against humanity to murder, arson, rape and looting.  Six are in jail pending trial. The seventh man was freed on bail  because of his age, and is being questioned at his home.
The roots  of the 1971 war go back to 1947, when independence came to British  India and the colony was carved into mostly Hindu India and  overwhelmingly Muslim Pakistan. The map drawn by the British created a  tangle of geographic, political and cultural divisions.
The new  state of Pakistan was physically divided in two by the mass of India. To  the west lay what is now Pakistan; some 1,000 miles to the east stood  the annex of East Pakistan, which is now Bangladesh. Nearly all  political power rested with the Urdu speaking Pakistanis in the west,  leaving the Bangla-speakers of the east feeling isolated and adrift.
When  the central government began pressing for Urdu to become Pakistan’s  sole official language, a Bangladeshi nationalist movement was born,  growing over the years amid cycles of protest and crackdown.
Eventually,  demands for Bangladeshi autonomy turned into calls for outright  independence, and on March 25, 1971 the protest movement turned into a  war for independence. As attempts to quash the revolt grew increasingly  bloody, India – seeking to weaken its long-time rival – began supporting  the rebels.
It was a nine-month spasm of horror and bloodshed.
Bangladesh  says Pakistani soldiers, aided by local collaborators, killed an  estimated 3 million people, raped 200,000 women and forced millions of  people to flee to India. Pro-independence fighters were targeted by  Pakistani soldiers, as were members of the Hindu minority such as Dey  who were often seen as agents of India.
“We are mute and horrified  witnesses to a reign of terror by the Pak military,” the then-US Consul  General in Dhaka cabled the State Department in late March 1971. The  soldiers were hunting down their political opponents by “seeking them  out in their homes and shooting them down.”
Pakistan, which views  the war as a closed chapter, disputes Bangladesh’s toll of the dead and  injured and denies any allegations of war crimes.
In Bangladesh,  though, the war has never been forgotten. In the last national  elections, in 2008, Hasina’s now-ruling Awami League got immense support  for its vows to prosecute war criminals.
“Many of my friends were  killed,” M.A. Hasan, one of dozens of independent researchers who have  spent years compiling data on the 1971 war. “We can’t forget it so  easily. It’s a national trauma, it cannot be erased.”
He also  urged the government to press for prosecutions of Pakistani army  soldiers who are back in Pakistan, holding the trials in absentia if  necessary.
But with almost no one expecting Pakistan to turn over  war crimes suspects, the country has turned inward in search of  collaborators.
The first trial began in October when Delwar  Hossain Sayedee, a top official of Jamaat-e-Islami and allegedly one of  the leaders of a pro-Pakistan militia, was charged with involvement in  the killing of more than 50 people, torching villages and forcibly  converting Hindus to Islam.
Sayedee denies the allegations. If found guilty, the 71-year-old could be given the death penalty.
Years after the killings, those left behind just want some justice.
“My  father, my mother were killed, isn’t that true? Our family was  traumatised. We have suffered terribly for so long,” Dey said.
“We want justice. We want to look toward the future. But we can’t forgive the people who killed my family in such a brutal way.”